Both methods utilise the pressure gradient between a higher-pressure source and the low-pressure target tank to move hydrogen fuel without any external energy requirements.
A decant system takes a high-pressure system of a certain volume and is connected to the target system also at a certain volume and at a lower pressure.
The systems are opened to one another and the hydrogen flows from high pressure to low pressure. This movement of gas stops when both systems have reached the same pressure. This is known as equalisation.
The Pioneer Hydrogen Refuelling Station utilises cascading refuelling, which is essentially an automated sequence of individual decants. This technique enables the filling of significantly more vehicle tanks to higher fill pressures & greater hydrogen utilisation from the refueller than through simple decant filling.
A cascade filling system is a multi-bank high-pressure gas cylinder storage system which is used for the refilling of smaller compressed gas cylinders.
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Unlike traditional fixed refuelling stations, cascade refuellers require no external power source or moving parts hence they work well for reliable field and mobile hydrogen refuelling. An additional benefit of the cascade system is the ability to meet the demand of filling several small cylinders in close succession, whereas filling from a traditional compressor with buffer cylinder often has the need for longer intermediate periods during which the buffer cylinder can be recharged.
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